Karl Marx s Interpretation Of Communism - 1148 Words

Ever since Karl Marx’s famous interpretation of communism, which masses have read through his writings, many other people have sought power to turn capitalist societies into perfectly communist ones, each in their own ways. Two of those people who left a strong legacy behind them are Joseph Stalin and Fidel Castro. Each worldview will be contrasted and compared. People do not turn into communist figures overnight. It is usually some event that happens in an individual’s life that will make them question the current systems in society and make them want to change them. For Joseph Stalin, this shift happened when he began to read books and to open doors to a new, wider world where his very religious mother never went. This wider world also†¦show more content†¦He aimed to industrialize rapidly the Soviet Union, but missed and claimed the lives of 10,000,000 people, mainly due to famine, instead (Wood, week 5, slide 6). We call this period the Great Terror (Wood, week 5, slide 7). Furthermore, his world view was less oriented towards the world and a little more towards his own country. In fact, the leader of a once powerful nation, now crumbling down, focused exclusively on the Soviet Union as a starting point for a revolution with his â€Å"Socialism in one country†, thus putting a stop to Lenin’s ideas of world revolution (Wood, week 5, slide 7). Joseph Stalin’s obsession with security greatly influenced his world view. In truth, this could be one of the reasons why Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler in 1939. When the latter broke the pact and invaded his country, Stalin made sure that Hitler would pay. To the surprise of many, he allied himself with the American and the British, making sure that Hitler and the Germans would lose World War II (Wood, week 5, slide 14). We could conclude that in his worldview, security, revenge and reputation was more important than the lives of the population since 8.6 million civilians died. In summary, Joseph Stalin’s worldview was built around his obsession with himself and security (Wood, week 5, slide 28). He was a realist who thought that the world embodied conflict which fuelled his paranoia and his preoccupation for his own power (Wood, weekShow MoreRelatedThe Labor Theory Of Value1696 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosopher named Karl Marx believes this theory proves that capitalism is inherently exploitative of the working class. Every person has labor power, or the ability to work. However, labor power is fueled by external resources (such as food, water, clothing, and transportation to the workplace) which all have value as well, so when an individual s work is more valuable than that sustenance, surplus value generates. Surplus value will benefit the business rather than the laborer, therefore Marx believedRead MoreSmith vs. Marx - a Comparison Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesSmith versus Marx Ââ€" A Comparison S. 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Born of brilliant men like Marx and Machiavelli, to name a few, these theories are preserved in books, illustrated in day-to-day domestic and international affairs, and immortalized in modern theories and documents. They are the predecessors of present theories that have been reinterpreted for a different era and reapplied in a new context. InRead More Symbolism and Interpretation in Animal Farm Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism and Interpretation in Animal Farm When Orwell published Animal Farm in 1945, a popular belief held that the Soviet Union was an honorable nation. Orwell hoped to write a novel that exposed the murderous truth of the Soviet System; he employed allegory to show a truth that remained unclear to many. As an allegory on early 20th Century Russia, ANIMAL FARM introduces its audience to a wide array of characters--each serving as a symbol. The table below provides a list of fictionalRead MoreTo What Extent Was Stalin Truly Marxist?1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped by Karl Marx, along with Friedrich Engels, especially the doctrine that the state throughout history has been a device for the exploitation of the masses by a dominant class, that class struggle has been the main agency of historical change, and that the capitalist system, containing from the first the seeds of its own decay, will inevitably, after the period of the dictatorship of the proletariat, be superseded by a socialist order and a classless society’(Dictionary.com, 2015). Karl Marx withRead MoreSocial Conflict Theory2039 Words   |  9 Pagestheory is based on society being a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. Social conflict can be seen all over the world we live in: in sports, politics and normal social engagements and society at large. 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The Complexity of the Health Care System Free Essays

string(268) " to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient \(Henry, 2006\)’ While quality health care is of great importance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care\." The Complexities of the Health Care System and its Future With all that is before us as a society of human beings, health care is far reaching and of the highest attribute next to our existence. Without proper health care life becomes a hollow existence. We push through each day with painful thoughts about life, or what we think we know about it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Complexity of the Health Care System or any similar topic only for you Order Now While we focus on negative feelings of weakness and doom, wishing for better days. Always hoping for a peace that we know will never come in this life without our health. Health care is something everyone is not privilege to have. Billions of people around the world are suffering everyday from lack of proper health care. Unfortunately many have no idea what it is to be healthy, or what it feels like to feel good. They have no idea they are sick, all they know is that they exist. To be numb is what they know, how unfortunate. Here in America, most people know what it is to have a feeling of health, to feel good, mentally, physically and to some extent spiritually. With the existing health care system many are feeling the pains of being sick, no longer able to exist with that feel good spirit. Suffering is becoming the norm, filled with depression more often than not because of their failing health. Not being able to afford adequate health care, which is now far out of their reach, mainly because they can not afford it. They no longer have the health coverage they once had, now having to rely on aide and assistance that is not guaranteed. Their existence is now in the hands of the politicians, government agencies and advocates who now speak for them. We are slowly losing because of the quality of health care that has become a commodity for those who can afford it. Unfortunately everyone is not always entitled to life saving health care with the current system of health care. Can that person who is mentally ill walking the street get adequate health care? What about the homeless person without a place to lay their head at night. Where has quality health care gone, or did we ever really have it? Is there any hope for our future health care system? Although the hospital is of the most appreciated and unfortunately the most maligned and least understood institution in the U. S. ociety, with great regret, the present complexities of the United States health care system will unfortunately and inevitably affect the quality of future health care While the hospital and health care system is one that is very much needed, the maligned and misunderstanding interferes with its nobility. How is it that we live in the 21 century, and have major misunderstanding which we are experiencing within our health care system here in the United State? With all the sta keholders within the U. S. health care industry, it is no wonder we are now facing the complex dilemma in our current health care system. Due to the benchmark developments in U. S. health care, we are now at a standstill with problematic issues. The major influences with the advances and other changes are factors causing the complexities we are facing. With the legislative, political, economical, as well as organizational and professional influences, the once noble stature of the health care industry is now compromised greatly. Unfortunately the ill effects of medical education, technological advances, with rising cost along with changing population demographics, the American values are now being affected. Our major health care institutions – medical schools, groups of specialist physicians, general hospitals, and research organizations – have together overshot the level of patients care actually needed or used by the vast majority of patients: (Christensen, Bohmer, and Kenagy 2000). Our nation spends over 17% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, but does not have the quality of other compared nations no where near that number. Looking back at the history of health care, the puzzling affects of the present out come is all but shocking to most Americans (Sultz, and Young, 2011). Being a $2. 5 trillion dollar industry, medical care is becoming unreachable for many Americans. What has caused this industry to skyrocket is more so due much to independent medical practices and partnership with provider organization, public and nonprofit institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes and other specialized care facilities: along with major private corporations. Dating back to the early American hospitals, they served a different purpose from those of today’s hospitals. Sheltering older adults, the dying, orphans, and vagrants, there purpose was to protect the inhabitants of its community from the contagiously sick and the dangerously insane. It seems there has always been a strained relationship between patients and the hospital, and hospital personnel. The need for information, comfort, and human contact is and has been a common complaint which is rooted in the overall history of medical care. With so much with its history, health care grew from a basket of issues which has now lossomed into what we see today as complex, from doctors and patients, to a personnel of nurses, aides, technicians, and the therapists, along with other hospital staff. With all this complexity and chaos, the once noble attributes of the health care profession has lost most of its qualities’ to misunderstandings and purpose. Malpractice is not an unknown word to the American public, and it is fundamentally correlated to a failure on the part of the physician. Malpra ctice is just one element that indicates patient mistrust in physician disclosure. Patients have turned to other sources and taken more responsibility upon themselves because of evidence or fear that their physician is giving them incomplete information, resulting in an increased number of second opinions being sought and increased referencing of secondary sources. Patient responsibility has increased because of physician failure to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient (Henry, 2006)’ While quality health care is of great importance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care. You read "The Complexity of the Health Care System" in category "Papers" Is the problem within the health care system which is something that can be resolved, or will it being unsolvable for any administration to fix. Quality health care has been interrupted for reasons that baffle most Americans. Not being able to understand the any reason we as a country can not work this major issue with health care to some balance. Since the government stepped into health care, the door has been left open for many other mandates to enter. In spite of the history of the hospital, the need for quality care has been paramount, dating as far back as the early 19th century. Hospitals were noted for being disgraceful, dirty, unventilated, and the lack of medical care was a real issue for quality health care, these issues were not publicly known. The quality at this time was very bad, which lead to the need for some type of health care reform, with hope to bring about a better quality of health care. Families that could obtain home medical or nursing care shunned hospitals, with this quality health care came about mostly through religious order. With its deplorable conditions, hospital care in early America was more of charity and public responsibility. With all the negative attributes surrounding the hospital environment, physicians saw the need to separate patients accordingly. This was the time the hospital was given its name. As rewarding as it may have seemed, the physicians had their own motives for why they did what they did. The now transformed hospital from the simple, charitable institutions to the complex, technical organizations was sparked by a parallel growth of private hospital insurance. Many of the sources that shaped the hospital industry varied from health insurance to the beginning of Medicare and Medicaid, bringing the legislative contribution to its fiscal well-being. With the increase of hospitals there also came the business of health care. The quality of health car came into question. With the hospital now becoming big business, all areas of its administration came into scrutiny. These problems began to supersede the quality of patient care. In deed without proper health care, our society would suffer a greater loss than it has. Proper health care is necessary for any society to thrive. Having the legal, ethical and regulatory aspects are important for its well being. The necessary financial systems and the impact on access to service are also required to bring about the quality as delivery. Many people may ask what proper health care is. Is there such a thing, and who would be entitle to proper health care that is a question that has yet to be answered and still debated over, causing much unrest and chaos. Being the many viewpoints about health care brings about the subjectivity of its true purpose. With the evolution and development of the present complex health care system, its development has come from sources due to an evolution of vary complicated issues. The current health care system along with poor management, has added to its history of strained development. With so much to say about the history of the now complex health care system, libraries could be built to hold its books. The early years of health care was challenged with mind sets as well s the stigma of those who needed medical attention. With the understanding of the characteristics and organization, along with the major private and governmental insurance initiatives, is an important factor which largely contributed to the centrality of hospitals within the health care system. Being there are diverse functions in the hospital, its’ staff and mostly management, add not only to the strain but the complexity with health care. The importance of patient care is being compromise with quality due to the battle within the system. The relationship between staff and patents suffers greatly with the pressures that are mandate by management. With all this being said, patients have a responsibility as well to the outcome of their treatment and patient care. The patient rights are known to have been violated from the early history of patient care. As the evolution and development of the health care system grew form its noble purpose, the conglomeration of the many stakeholders has contributed to lost trust with all aspects of this complex system in health care. When one speaks about the quality of care in hospitals, major debates often develop based on its interpretation of what quality is, and how it should be delivered. Health care has turned into a business platform that has much concern as to its promised future of adequate patient care. The question arises; can quality care be given within health care reform. Much is said to the fact that just because one has insurance does not equate to health care access. Access to a waiting list is not health care. When patients are denied access to a doctor or practitioner then it becomes incomplete health care. With the comparison to other countries health care system, come the question, why those of us who live in a wealthy country, suffers from inadequate health care. This also is a major focus point that is being argued. Some of the argument surrounds the issues of primary care and what does it Intel along with who should provide primary care versus specialty care. Of course it has been stated that Americans will never accept a system like they have in Canada or the U. K. Unfortunately patients become the victims of competition. Hospitals do not have patients; doctors have patients, referring them to the hospital of their choosing. Many of the complex issues have evolved form mismanagement of what health care, patient care, and the adequate structuring of the hospital is meant to be. Over the years of its development much has been misinterpreted as to the healthy organization of its purpose. The quality of care now provided in hospitals is so much in question that the many patients fear they will not receive the care they need. More so they are no longer view as human beings with needs, but number and dollars. These are only some of the many reasons why there is a need for health care reform which would enforce and influence hospital economics, service patterns and provider relationships. According to an article written by James Morone, The health care reforms that President Barack Obama signed into law in March 2010 had been in the making seventy-five years since Franklin D. Roosevelt. U. S . presidents has struggled to enact national health care reform: unfortunately most failed. The article explored the highly charged political landscape in which Obama maneuvered and the skills he brought to bear. It contrasts his accomplishments with the experiences of his oval office predecessors. Going forward, implementation poses formidable challenges for democrats, republicans, and the political process itself (Morone 2010 1). Adding to the development and mismanagement is a process swarming with special interest that has been noted to be powered by big money. Being that the anxiety is so overwhelming with the formatting of adequate health care; no management of reform can be administered without a deep investment. Being noted that president Obama demonstrated a care for health care reform that far exceeds his cool demeanor suggests. President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew e would not be able to get national health care insurance through congress unless he took the idea to the people first. He flirted with making health care his nest great political crusade as World War II came to an end. A plan was being prepared by his advisers, but unfortunately he died before the end of the war. The health reform effort fell into the hands of President Harry Truman, and every subsequent president. Only until the recent victory of President Obama in the health care reform did one president succeed in their efforts to accomplish some aspect of health care. President Lyndon Johnson managed to enact major new health care programs, in the form of Medicare and Medicaid (Morone 2010. 2). The now health care reform enacted by President Obama is viewed by many, mostly democrats as a historic achievement. In spite of the victory that is said to be in order, many still argue the factors involved. The comparisons of other countries are still being used to compare factors with the focus on health care systems. With physicians believing they are the ones to judge the quality of hospital medical care adds to the issues involving health care management. Among so many other components that foster the ever evolving cycle of health care management brings about major concerns. With mismanaged health care, future health care will surely suffer the cost. S often we look to solutions to fix major problems within our society, and yet we continue to add more hard to understand perplexing uncertainties than we started with. Within the health care system which dates back to the beginning of what seemed to be simple compliances to health care issues, are now multiplex issues. These issues have grabbed the attention of not only the government sector, but political entities that now govern the health care industries with long term care being the main agenda. With health care, and many factors influencing the increasing demand for long term care service in the changing demographics, along with technology, major changes are being anticipated. Unfortunately it has come to a point where the increased scrutiny within the federal and state government sectors of the finance involving issues are before congress. The major mismanagement in health care, are real and troubling concerns to most Americans, especially those who are being affected by new polices and mandates. Long-term care historically began as an in home environment with almshouses and sanitariums. After the great depression and post WWI, citizens decided to run small nursing homes in order to pay mortgages and find an income source. Not until the 1950s when government grants spurned development of the nursing home sector, did the boom in the industry occurred. The next large impact in long term care would come in the 1960s with the advent of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements (Sultz and Young, 2011). Long term care is rally a term that defines a wide array of services, within, but not limited to skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes, continual care, assisted living, home health; hospice, respite care, and others are termed long term care. This allows the industry to respond to the individuals needs of the person requiring the services and match their level of independence or dependence with an environment most suitable conducive to their potential (Sultz and Young 2011). With the future goal of long term care being to reduce waste and become more efficient in order to provide quality care and incentives for operational responsibility, and customer service, there must be available the push to move the market forward. There are still many barriers that we face before this end is met, before we can compare and contrast the past history of long term health care, which of course will be a challenge that hopefully will take us into a future health care system that will provide all the necessary amenities that will produce the ideal health care system desired. Knowing that is far from coming, all we can do is promote the best possible manage care without the barriers that have existed. With retrospect to the similarities of Canada and the United States, the two countries had similar health care systems. However, since passage of the Canada Health Act in the 1970s, that nations health statistics have become increasingly superior. Canada’s health care system costs are higher by international standards, hey are much lower than U. S. cost. The factors most likely to be responsible for Canada’s better health care at a lower cost would be: universal financial coverage through a so called single payer features conducive to a strong primary infrastructure, and provincial autonomy under general principles set by national law (Starfield 2010). Although old enough to have become stable, Canada’s health reform efforts are relatively recent. This being in contrast to the historical foots of health systems in many western industrialized countries. The provincially based Canadian health care system, limited private insurance, public insurance plans, practices and health centers, cost, care seeking, availability of technology, and use of service. These areas are among the more prominent features that bring Canada’s health system to the front. With Canada’s experiences it shows how these critical features of the health system can be achieved in the context of a federal structure with decentralized administrative control. Although Canada has achieved better, or what appears to be a better health level than the United States, which it has for many decades, the gap has widened overtime, following the development of the different provincial plans that culminated in national legislation in the early 1970s (Starfield, 2010). What this is leading to is: if, the health care system continues to demonstrate gross mismanagement, and if the political dominance that is now existing, with the unsuccessful organizational structure it has, the inevitable outcome is more than likely to happen. The quality of future health care will suffer greatly. With so much at sake with our system of health care, the future quality of health care will be jeopardized without recourse. If reform is not properly implemented given all the information that has been provided, needed a stable health care system is only a wish. Many questions are still unanswered as to the reform necessary to provide quality patient health for the future. According to the article Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world, a cycle of unsustainable spending growth followed by fervent cost containment initiatives has been a regular feature of the health care landscape for the past half-century (Anderson, Hussey, Froger and waters, 2005). In conclusion, with health care being one of the major concerns world-wide, Americans must focus on what is best for all oppositions before us. With political as well as governmental mismanagement and the fact that so many Americans are unemployed without adequate health care insurance or health care, it poses a real threat to future stability for a stable economy as far as health care is concern. With the large amount of misunderstanding concerning the current health care system with its maligned characteristics, the future quality of health care for patients will ultimately be left to chance. Dependence on sound management for patient care is of utmost importance for a solid health care system to exist. The nobility of the once thought to be health care system, has now been affected by an aggressive political agenda which is one of the many factors involving the current failed, and complex health care system. With interference from so many stakeholders, the quality of health care is failing in major areas that is damaging to our society as a whole. Quality health care is of great importance to the existed of a well balanced society. With the openly and hidden agenda superseding quality health care, America is falling behind in a race for adequate health care for its population. As stated before, without the necessary health care, our future society will fail to exist as it does today. The source that contributes to the evolution of a very complex system poses an unfortunate future for all of us in America, without some major resolutions to its complexities. The strain that has existed thus far can not continue to exist. I believe that we can resolve most of our health care issues if we leave out much of the political agenda that has driven the chaos that we are now experiencing with health care. After complete examination and comparison with the quality of other industrialized nations, much could be accomplished her in the U. S. This would assure all citizens quality health care and possible a peace of mind. With political dominance no longer a major factor guiding the health care reform or its organizational structure a future health care system has a greater chance of existing. Minimizing the risk so that the future system will not be jeopardized as it has been. A stable health care system can be developed with less problematic issues. Patient care can be of a higher quality, access can be attainable, and delivery possible. The respect of a noble health care system will truly exist one day. References Christensen, C. M. , Bohmer, R. , and Kenagy, J. (2000). Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harvard Business Review, p. 1-10. Retrieved from EBSCO database Genard F. Anderson, Peter S. Hussy, Bianca K. Frogner and Hugh R. Waters (2005). Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world: Health Affairs, 24. No 4 (2005): 903-914 doi: 10. 377/hlthaff. 24. 4. 903 Henry, M. S. (2006). Uncertainty, responsibility, and the evolution of the physician/patient relationship. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32(6) 321-323 doi: 10. 1136/jme 2005. 013 987 Morone, J. A. (2010) Presidents and health reform: From Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama. Health Affairs, 29(6), 1096-1100. Retrieved from the proQuest database. Starfield, B. (2010). Reinventing primary care: Lessons from Canada for the Unite d States. Health Affairs, 29(5), 1030-1036, Retrieved from the proQuest database. Sultz, H. and Young, K. (2011). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett. . The Complexities of the Health Care System and its Future With all that is before us as a society of human beings, health care is far reaching and of the highest attribute next to our existence. Without proper health care life becomes a hollow existence. We push through each day with painful thoughts about life, or what we think we know about it. While we focus on negative feelings of weakness and doom, wishing for better days. Always hoping for a peace that we know will never come in this life without our health. Health care is something everyone is not privilege to have. Billions of people around the world are suffering everyday from lack of proper health care. Unfortunately many have no idea what it is to be healthy, or what it feels like to feel good. They have no idea they are sick, all they know is that they exist. To be numb is what they know, how unfortunate. Here in America, most people know what it is to have a feeling of health, to feel good, mentally, physically and to some extent spiritually. With the existing health care system many are feeling the pains of being sick, no longer able to exist with that feel good spirit. Suffering is becoming the norm, filled with depression more often than not because of their failing health. Not being able to afford adequate health care, which is now far out of their reach, mainly because they can not afford it. They no longer have the health coverage they once had, now having to rely on aide and assistance that is not guaranteed. Their existence is now in the hands of the politicians, government agencies and advocates who now speak for them. We are slowly losing because of the quality of health care that has become a commodity for those who can afford it. Unfortunately everyone is not always entitled to life saving health care with the current system of health care. Can that person who is mentally ill walking the street get adequate health care? What about the homeless person without a place to lay their head at night. Where has quality health care gone, or did we ever really have it? Is there any hope for our future health care system? Although the hospital is of the most appreciated and unfortunately the most maligned and least understood institution in the U. S. society, with great regret, the present complexities of the United States health care system will unfortunately and inevitably affect the quality of future health care While the hospital and health care system is one that is very much needed, the maligned and misunderstanding interferes with its nobility. How is it that we live in the 21 century, and have major misunderstanding which we are experiencing within our health care system here in the United State? With all the stakeholders within the U. S. health care industry, it is no wonder we are now facing the complex dilemma in our current health care system. Due to the benchmark developments in U. S. health care, we are now at a standstill with problematic issues. The major influences with the advances and other changes are factors causing the complexities we are facing. With the legislative, political, economical, as well as organizational and professional influences, the once noble stature of the health care industry is now compromised greatly. Unfortunately the ill effects of medical education, technological advances, with rising cost along with changing population demographics, the American values are now being affected. Our major health care institutions – medical schools, groups of specialist physicians, general hospitals, and research organizations – have together overshot the level of patients care actually needed or used by the vast majority of patients: (Christensen, Bohmer, and Kenagy 2000). Our nation spends over 17% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, but does not have the quality of other compared nations no where near that number. Looking back at the history of health care, the puzzling affects of the present out come is all but shocking to most Americans (Sultz, and Young, 2011). Being a $2. 5 trillion dollar industry, medical care is becoming unreachable for many Americans. What has caused this industry to skyrocket is more so due much to independent medical practices and partnership with provider organization, public and nonprofit institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes and other specialized care facilities: along with major private corporations. Dating back to the early American hospitals, they served a different purpose from those of today’s hospitals. Sheltering older adults, the dying, orphans, and vagrants, there purpose was to protect the inhabitants of its community from the contagiously sick and the dangerously insane. It seems there has always been a strained relationship between patients and the hospital, and hospital personnel. The need for information, comfort, and human contact is and has been a common complaint which is rooted in the overall history of medical care. With so much with its history, health care grew from a basket of issues which has now blossomed into what we see today as complex, from doctors and patients, to a personnel of nurses, aides, technicians, and the therapists, along with other hospital staff. With all this complexity and chaos, the once noble attributes of the health care profession has lost most of its qualities’ to misunderstandings and purpose. Malpractice is not an unknown word to the American public, and it is fundamentally correlated to a failure on the part of the physician. Malpractice is just one element that indicates patient mistrust in physician disclosure. Patients have turned to other sources and taken more responsibility upon themselves because of evidence or fear that their physician is giving them incomplete information, resulting in an increased number of second opinions being sought and increased referencing of secondary sources. Patient responsibility has increased because of physician failure to disclose the inherent misunderstanding of uncertainty on the part of the patient (Henry, 2006)’ While quality health care is of great importance to our society, the problems within the health care system, unfortunately supersedes the quality for patient care. Is the problem within the health care system which is something that can be resolved, or will it being unsolvable for any administration to fix. Quality health care has been interrupted for reasons that baffle most Americans. Not being able to understand the any reason we as a country can not work this major issue with health care to some balance. Since the government stepped into health care, the door has been left open for many other mandates to enter. In spite of the history of the hospital, the need for quality care has been paramount, dating as far back as the early 19th century. Hospitals were noted for being disgraceful, dirty, unventilated, and the lack of medical care was a real issue for quality health care, these issues were not publicly known. The quality at this time was very bad, which lead to the need for some type of health care reform, with hope to bring about a better quality of health care. Families that could obtain home medical or nursing care shunned hospitals, with this quality health care came about mostly through religious order. With its deplorable conditions, hospital care in early America was more of charity and public responsibility. With all the negative attributes surrounding the hospital environment, physicians saw the need to separate patients accordingly. This was the time the hospital was given its name. As rewarding as it may have seemed, the physicians had their own motives for why they did what they did. The now transformed hospital from the simple, charitable institutions to the complex, technical organizations was sparked by a parallel growth of private hospital insurance. Many of the sources that shaped the hospital industry varied from health insurance to the beginning of Medicare and Medicaid, bringing the legislative contribution to its fiscal well-being. With the increase of hospitals there also came the business of health care. The quality of health car came into question. With the hospital now becoming big business, all areas of its administration came into scrutiny. These problems began to supersede the quality of patient care. In deed without proper health care, our society would suffer a greater loss than it has. Proper health care is necessary for any society to thrive. Having the legal, ethical and regulatory aspects are important for its well being. The necessary financial systems and the impact on access to service are also required to bring about the quality as delivery. Many people may ask what proper health care is. Is there such a thing, and who would be entitle to proper health care that is a question that has yet to be answered and still debated over, causing much unrest and chaos. Being the many viewpoints about health care brings about the subjectivity of its true purpose. With the evolution and development of the present complex health care system, its development has come from sources due to an evolution of vary complicated issues. The current health care system along with poor management, has added to its history of strained development. With so much to say about the history of the now complex health care system, libraries could be built to hold its books. The early years of health care was challenged with mind sets as well s the stigma of those who needed medical attention. With the understanding of the characteristics and organization, along with the major private and governmental insurance initiatives, is an important factor which largely contributed to the centrality of hospitals within the health care system. Being there are diverse functions in the hospital, its’ staff and mostly management, add not only to the strain but the complexity with health care. The importance of patient care is being compromise with quality due to the battle within the system. The relationship between staff and patents suffers greatly with the pressures that are mandate by management. With all this being said, patients have a responsibility as well to the outcome of their treatment and patient care. The patient rights are known to have been violated from the early history of patient care. As the evolution and development of the health care system grew form its noble purpose, the conglomeration of the many stakeholders has contributed to lost trust with all aspects of this complex system in health care. When one speaks about the quality of care in hospitals, major debates often develop based on its interpretation of what quality is, and how it should be delivered. Health care has turned into a business platform that has much concern as to its promised future of adequate patient care. The question arises; can quality care be given within health care reform. Much is said to the fact that just because one has insurance does not equate to health care access. Access to a waiting list is not health care. When patients are denied access to a doctor or practitioner then it becomes incomplete health care. With the comparison to other countries health care system, come the question, why those of us who live in a wealthy country, suffers from inadequate health care. This also is a major focus point that is being argued. Some of the argument surrounds the issues of primary care and what does it Intel along with who should provide primary care versus specialty care. Of course it has been stated that Americans will never accept a system like they have in Canada or the U. K. Unfortunately patients become the victims of competition. Hospitals do not have patients; doctors have patients, referring them to the hospital of their choosing. Many of the complex issues have evolved form mismanagement of what health care, patient care, and the adequate structuring of the hospital is meant to be. Over the years of its development much has been misinterpreted as to the healthy organization of its purpose. The quality of care now provided in hospitals is so much in question that the many patients fear they will not receive the care they need. More so they are no longer view as human beings with needs, but number and dollars. These are only some of the many reasons why there is a need for health care reform which would enforce and influence hospital economics, service patterns and provider relationships. According to an article written by James Morone, The health care reforms that President Barack Obama signed into law in March 2010 had been in the making seventy-five years since Franklin D. Roosevelt. U. S . presidents has struggled to enact national health care reform: unfortunately most failed. The article explored the highly charged political landscape in which Obama maneuvered and the skills he brought to bear. It contrasts his accomplishments with the experiences of his oval office predecessors. Going forward, implementation poses formidable challenges for democrats, republicans, and the political process itself (Morone 2010 1). Adding to the development and mismanagement is a process swarming with special interest that has been noted to be powered by big money. Being that the anxiety is so overwhelming with the formatting of adequate health care; no management of reform can be administered without a deep investment. Being noted that president Obama demonstrated a care for health care reform that far exceeds his cool demeanor suggests. President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew e would not be able to get national health care insurance through congress unless he took the idea to the people first. He flirted with making health care his nest great political crusade as World War II came to an end. A plan was being prepared by his advisers, but unfortunately he died before the end of the war. The health reform effort fell into the hands of President Harry Truman, and every subsequent president. Only until the recent victory of President Obama in the health care reform did one president succeed in their efforts to accomplish some aspect of health care. President Lyndon Johnson managed to enact major new health care programs, in the form of Medicare and Medicaid (Morone 2010. 2). The now health care reform enacted by President Obama is viewed by many, mostly democrats as a historic achievement. In spite of the victory that is said to be in order, many still argue the factors involved. The comparisons of other countries are still being used to compare factors with the focus on health care systems. With physicians believing they are the ones to judge the quality of hospital medical care adds to the issues involving health care management. Among so many other components that foster the ever evolving cycle of health care management brings about major concerns. With mismanaged health care, future health care will surely suffer the cost. S often we look to solutions to fix major problems within our society, and yet we continue to add more hard to understand perplexing uncertainties than we started with. Within the health care system which dates back to the beginning of what seemed to be simple compliances to health care issues, are now multiplex issues. These issues have grabbed the attention of not only the government sector, but political entities that now govern the health care industries with long term care being the main agenda. With health care, and many factors influencing the increasing demand for long term care service in the changing demographics, along with technology, major changes are being anticipated. Unfortunately it has come to a point where the increased scrutiny within the federal and state government sectors of the finance involving issues are before congress. The major mismanagement in health care, are real and troubling concerns to most Americans, especially those who are being affected by new polices and mandates. Long-term care historically began as an in home environment with almshouses and sanitariums. After the great depression and post WWI, citizens decided to run small nursing homes in order to pay mortgages and find an income source. Not until the 1950s when government grants spurned development of the nursing home sector, did the boom in the industry occurred. The next large impact in long term care would come in the 1960s with the advent of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements (Sultz and Young, 2011). Long term care is rally a term that defines a wide array of services, within, but not limited to skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes, continual care, assisted living, home health; hospice, respite care, and others are termed long term care. This allows the industry to respond to the individuals needs of the person requiring the services and match their level of independence or dependence with an environment most suitable conducive to their potential (Sultz and Young 2011). With the future goal of long term care being to reduce waste and become more efficient in order to provide quality care and incentives for operational responsibility, and customer service, there must be available the push to move the market forward. There are still many barriers that we face before this end is met, before we can compare and contrast the past history of long term health care, which of course will be a challenge that hopefully will take us into a future health care system that will provide all the necessary amenities that will produce the ideal health care system desired. Knowing that is far from coming, all we can do is promote the best possible manage care without the barriers that have existed. With retrospect to the similarities of Canada and the United States, the two countries had similar health care systems. However, since passage of the Canada Health Act in the 1970s, that nations health statistics have become increasingly superior. Canada’s health care system costs are higher by international standards, hey are much lower than U. S. cost. The factors most likely to be responsible for Canada’s better health care at a lower cost would be: universal financial coverage through a so called single payer features conducive to a strong primary infrastructure, and provincial autonomy under general principles set by national law (Starfield 2010). Although old enough to have become stable, Canada’s health reform efforts are relatively recent. This being in contrast to the historical foots of health systems in many western industrialized countries. The provincially based Canadian health care system, limited private insurance, public insurance plans, practices and health centers, cost, care seeking, availability of technology, and use of service. These areas are among the more prominent features that bring Canada’s health system to the front. With Canada’s experiences it shows how these critical features of the health system can be achieved in the context of a federal structure with decentralized administrative control. Although Canada has achieved better, or what appears to be a better health level than the United States, which it has for many decades, the gap has widened overtime, following the development of the different provincial plans that culminated in national legislation in the early 1970s (Starfield, 2010). What this is leading to is: if, the health care system continues to demonstrate gross mismanagement, and if the political dominance that is now existing, with the unsuccessful organizational structure it has, the inevitable outcome is more than likely to happen. The quality of future health care will suffer greatly. With so much at sake with our system of health care, the future quality of health care will be jeopardized without recourse. If reform is not properly implemented given all the information that has been provided, needed a stable health care system is only a wish. Many questions are still unanswered as to the reform necessary to provide quality patient health for the future. According to the article Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world, a cycle of unsustainable spending growth followed by fervent cost containment initiatives has been a regular feature of the health care landscape for the past half-century (Anderson, Hussey, Froger and waters, 2005). In conclusion, with health care being one of the major concerns world-wide, Americans must focus on what is best for all oppositions before us. With political as well as governmental mismanagement and the fact that so many Americans are unemployed without adequate health care insurance or health care, it poses a real threat to future stability for a stable economy as far as health care is concern. With the large amount of misunderstanding concerning the current health care system with its maligned characteristics, the future quality of health care for patients will ultimately be left to chance. Dependence on sound management for patient care is of utmost importance for a solid health care system to exist. The nobility of the once thought to be health care system, has now been affected by an aggressive political agenda which is one of the many factors involving the current failed, and complex health care system. With interference from so many stakeholders, the quality of health care is failing in major areas that is damaging to our society as a whole. Quality health care is of great importance to the existed of a well balanced society. With the openly and hidden agenda superseding quality health care, America is falling behind in a race for adequate health care for its population. As stated before, without the necessary health care, our future society will fail to exist as it does today. The source that contributes to the evolution of a very complex system poses an unfortunate future for all of us in America, without some major resolutions to its complexities. The strain that has existed thus far can not continue to exist. I believe that we can resolve most of our health care issues if we leave out much of the political agenda that has driven the chaos that we are now experiencing with health care. After complete examination and comparison with the quality of other industrialized nations, much could be accomplished her in the U. S. This would assure all citizens quality health care and possible a peace of mind. With political dominance no longer a major factor guiding the health care reform or its organizational structure a future health care system has a greater chance of existing. Minimizing the risk so that the future system will not be jeopardized as it has been. A stable health care system can be developed with less problematic issues. Patient care can be of a higher quality, access can be attainable, and delivery possible. The respect of a noble health care system will truly exist one day. References Christensen, C. M. , Bohmer, R. , and Kenagy, J. (2000). Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harvard Business Review, p. 1-10. Retrieved from EBSCO database Genard F. Anderson, Peter S. Hussy, Bianca K. Frogner and Hugh R. Waters (2005). Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world: Health Affairs, 24. No 4 (2005): 903-914 doi: 10. 1377/hlthaff. 24. 4. 903 Henry, M. S. (2006). Uncertainty, responsibility, and the evolution of the physician/patient relationship. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32(6) 321-323 doi: 10. 1136/jme 2005. 013 987 Morone, J. A. (2010) Presidents and health reform: From Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama. Health Affairs, 29(6), 1096-1100. Retrieved from the proQuest database. Starfield, B. (2010). Reinventing primary care: Lessons from Canada for the United States. Health Affairs, 29(5), 1030-1036, Retrieved from the proQuest database. Sultz, H. and Young, K. (2011). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett. . How to cite The Complexity of the Health Care System, Papers

Emotional Intelligence In Relation To Patient Centered Care

Question: Discuss about the Emotional Intelligence In Relation To Patient Centered Care. Answer: Introduction The number one priority in hospitals all over the world is patient centered care. What is patient centered care? Its a multi-dimensional concept that addresses the needs of patients to information, focusses on the patient as an individual, views the patient as whole, promotes/ enhances professional-patient relationship and lastly it promotes concordance. Despites all the efforts made there is a problem in as professional health care providers differ in their capabilities to understand the perspectives of the patient hence compromising the patient centered care. The syllabus/curriculum in medical schools are the same. The students who enroll in this courses are the most intelligent. Why is it then, that when the training is over their performance in the medical field differs. The intelligent quotient (IQ) of these people are almost the same. What brings in the difference? Studies has shown that there is something called emotional intelligence (EI). Emotional intelligence is also known as personal intelligence, social intelligence, emotional literacy, emotional quotient, interpersonal intelligence. It has been defined as abilities which can be verbal or/and non-verbal. Which enables one to come up with, recognize, express and be able to understand and at the same time evaluate their own or other people emotions/feelings and be able to direct/guide action and thinking and successfully adapt with pressures and demands of the environment. In few words it is a group of behavioral competencies, different from Intelligent Quotient and it has an impact on job performance. Emotional intelligence started to be discussed in 1930s. Psychological researches were done from 1980s. The finding showed that overall performance was influenced more by social intelligence/ interpersonal intelligence rather than technical skills. In 1995, Dan Goleman published a book known as Emotional Intelligence in which he demonstrated how emotional intelligence was more important than intelligen ce quotient. As mentioned earlier patient centered care is all about interactions. The relationships between health care providers and the patients, the administration and the health care provider. It is not about new models or new techniques. With emotional intelligence being a social intelligence, health care centers are exploring on how they can apply its concepts. Emotional intelligence then proves to be important in the medical field. It is important for delivering patient centered care directly or indirectly and practicing effectively. How does emotional intelligence apply in health care? How do health care professionals use it to improve performance? Should it be used as a measure when recruiting professionals? How it might impact on issues of job satisfaction? These are the questions that am going to answer in these essay. Studies and findings Empirical studies has been done in health care settings. They suggested that success in life depends more on ones capability to understand and control emotions more than their intelligent quotient. It is viewed to be a personality characteristics which is fixed and stable making it measurable through self-administered questionnaire which have minimal manipulations. Some view it as being dynamic personal quality which is measured by using maximal performance measurements which quantifies the exact performance for example instead of asking a health care provider what he or she would do in a certain situation he or she is provided with the situation to act on. Matthew et al. suggests that different measures of emotional intelligent quantifies different attributes and the correspondences among these different scales of measures have shown very low correlation which is unexpected. Perez et al. has suggested that emotional intelligent trait instruments measures emotional self-efficacy whil e the emotional intelligent ability instruments measures the cognitive ability. Health care setting Emotional intelligence in health care. Recently there has been increased discussions on emotional intelligence in health care literature. The references of these claims are mostly on unsubstantiated claims on theoretical necessity of emotional intelligence and the assumption that its quality can be improved or altered although there has been growing evidence that emotional intelligence influences organizational success and patients outcomes. For us to understand the importance of emotional intelligence in the health care sector, there are four questions that we will ask ourselves and answer. How does emotional intelligence in health care providers impact on patient centered care, satisfaction of the patient and quality patient care? How does emotional intelligence have an impact on job performance and satisfaction? Can emotional intelligence be trained to patients? If yes will it have an impact on personal and/or patient centered outcomes? Should measurements of emotional intelligence be used as a criteria for selection and recruitment process for health care providers and students? Emotional intelligence and patient care. Most complains about health care providers is on poor communication and rarely on clinical competence. In health care centers improving on communication is one of the key interests in practice and policy. The models of emotional intelligence has clearly emphasized on importance of understanding and controlling ones and others emotions so as to adapt to environment. In patients assessment 98% of the diagnosis are from history taking. A procedure that involves listening and reading all clues given by the patient. The differences in emotional intelligence may be the reasons as to why some practitioners appears to be delivering patient centered care more than others. Discriminating patients emotions has a large impact on assessment, history taking and diagnosis of the patient. An example, a patient has a bad reaction to anesthetic. Nurse A, who is attending the patient rushes in, she is well trained so she does all that is required to reverse the allergic reaction to the anesthetic witho ut talking to the patient and the family. The patient recovers and the patients and family anxiety is relieved. Lets assume Nurse B was on call that day. She rushes in the patients room after the alarm on the emergence. The first thing she does is comfort the patient and the family. All will be well, this is normal. She comforts and calms the patient as she takes the rightful measures to reverse the reaction although he or she is not in much hurry as Nurse A. the results from the two patients will be similar they will get their symptoms reversed but the families and patient will have had different experiences. When one can understand other peoples emotions this makes the person empathetic. Health care providers who treat their patients with compassion and empathy have a huge rule in the patients outcomes. Empathetic physicians improves satisfaction of the patient aids patients adherence to treatment. It also reduces the chances of medical errors. Physicians with these qualities are better placed with patients with chronic illnesses and also at trauma units. Inappropriate behavior exhibited by health care workers is disruptive not only to the environment but patients outcome. Therefore the ability to read, understand and manage patients feelings/emotions is very important as it brings about patient centered care, satisfaction of the patient, it improves on the relationship between a patient and a professional and also it has a positive impact on concordance and most importantly the patient outcome. Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction Emotional intelligence was defined as ability to recognize, understand, express verbal or non-verbal emotion either generated by oneself or by others. Have a higher emotional intelligence would impact positively on the health care professional performance and satisfaction in their jobs. For example there can be tension / pressure from the subsystems may it be the macro (can be the administration, colleagues) or the micro, which is composed of the patient and the family of the patient. This can cause anger and frustrations to these health care providers. For example when the hospital is understaffed that lengthens the shifts and increases the workload this frustrates the staff or when the patient is so ungrateful, keeps abusing the health care provider, is uncooperative. This will really stress out the professional but being able to recognize, understand and manage these emotions. The health care provider will only be faced by very few incidences of work related stresses. The health c are providers who has little/no stress, are less burnt out and are disillusioned they are able to communicate effectively with patients, form good and professional patient-worker relationship and by the end of it all they are able to achieve a patient centered care. A research has been done to explain the relationship between stress and burn out in health care providers and the emotional intelligence. There was no direct link between the two but it showed that nurses with a higher job experience has higher levels of emotional intelligence. Lower emotional intelligence was seen in dental students. From all the above it is evident that for effective communication which will later on result in rightful diagnosis, patients cooperation, all leading to improved quality care, patient centered care. No doubts it is of significant in the medical field. Training and Health Care Curriculae In nursing management literature they are so enthusiastic on the idea that emotionally intelligent can be trained and improved in individuals. It is imagined that with increased emotional intelligence it will directly increase the quality of patient care, have improved functioning professionals and effective management. The problem with this theory is its assessment. Assessing training. Different scholars different findings. Some suggests that after training there will be demonstration of competence while others describe personality characteristics which are difficult to change. It is also not clear whether the changes after training can be detected over a span of time. All is not lost there are formal programs aimed at improving and evaluating emotional intelligence in the health sector. Wagner et al administered a self-report trait of emotional intelligent to medical students who were later on followed up for two to three years. There was a significant change showing that emotional can be taught to our health care providers. They can be taught on patient centered care, ways of improving it. How to focus on a patient as a whole and also good communication skills. Health care centers should provide their staff with training programs. For these programs to be effective they should have a combination of behavioral assessment and service excellence principles which will provide the staff with an insight of their own behavioral characteristics which will specifically include the health care emotional intelligence. This will be a mirror where they see their faults and correct on them. For patient centered care, improved quality of patient care, patients needs satisfaction it is really important to have a high emotional intelligence which we have seen can be trained and improved. A Behavioral Construct used during training Select International Experiences partnering with Healthcare Organization came up with a behavioral construct whose aims are directed at patient centered care. The score of the health care provider where high or low does not mater significantly. What is of importance is their abilities to see and understand their behavioral/ character make up and be able to adapt as expected/accordingly. It is made up of four cores: compassion, awareness, regulation and emotional intelligence. Our focus is on emotional intelligence. How does this training improve on it? This tests ones ability to focus socially, on social needs and reactions. For example while performing a procedure does one get so involved in the procedure that they forget to check the patients reactions or even the colleagues reactions. The test can also prove that this is the kind of person who read other peoples reactions, emotions which gives him/her information and by the end of the procedure one achieves positive outcome. The h ealth care provider who scores low it shows that he/she focusses more on factual and less on social aspects. This tests aims at rectifying this by making the professional acquire a habit of assessing both the patient and the colleagues reactions and acting accordingly. These helps with improving the emotional intelligence hence having a patient centered care. Recruitment In many cases we have heard that medical courses are more of a calling and not a profession. There has been so many debates on who is the right student to be enrolled in medical schools. There has been so many debates and discussions around that subject. Many schools enroll those who are capable of finishing the course based on their intelligent quotient. They are also selected on the argument that on completion they will be able to deliver quality care to the patients. There have been so many authors discarding the fact that emotional intelligence is of importance in job selection and job performance. Despite all this there are different views especially in nursing literature which sees the value of enrolling emotionally intelligent patients. There is a problem in identify the students with high emotional intelligence as all those who apply have high academic scores. To make this possible a test should be given to all the applicants which will prove students orientation towards soci al sciences and humanities. Limitations Emotional intelligence has been associated with patients needs satisfaction, patient centered care, and improved quality of care to patients. Despite all these positive outcomes there are still some uncertainties about it for example what do we measure when we measure emotional intelligence? When should we measure emotional intelligence and how should it be measured? Do levels of emotional intelligence of health professionals have a direct impact on the outcomes of the patient? Does emotional intelligence have an impact on health care professionals and their working environment? To what extent can emotional intelligence be developed or taught? These are grey areas when it comes to emotional intelligences. Some of the questions are still being researched on. Conclusion How does emotional intelligence apply in health care? How do health care professionals use it to improve performance? Should it be used as a measure when recruiting professionals? How it might impact on issues of job satisfaction? Those were the questions that the essay targeted on answering. 1) From the essay it is so clear that emotional intelligence has a very significant role in the health care sector. We have seen that if a provider has a good understanding of their behaviors and that of others they can easily adopt specific behaviors that will cause an improvement in the interaction of patients and colleagues. When this is made possible the patient centered care is achieved, the patient needs are satisfied, there is a positive impact on patients outcome, the patient professional relationship is enhanced and made satisfying. 2) The other question was on performance and satisfaction. I explained clearly that when one is able to cope with woke related frustrations they do not get work related stress or burn outs. This enables them to work sufficiently hence performing well at what they do and also they get satisfaction of what they do. 3) It has also been seen the need to recruit those students that are emotionally intelligent. This is necessary for all the reasons/ benefits I have listed above of emotional intelligence in the health care sector. From all the above it has shown how and why emotional intelligence is important to both the patient and the professional. References Yvonne F,. Ian, S,. 2007, journal of the royal society of medicine, emotional intelligence and patient centered care. Codier E, et al. 2008, Nursing Administration Guideline, measuring the emotional intelligence of clinical staff nurses Guleryuz G, et al.2008, International Journal for Nurses, the mediating effect of job satisfaction between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of nurses. Bulmer smith k, et al.2009 international Journal for Nurses, Emotional intelligence and nursing McClain A, et al.2010, Nursing Management, emotional intelligence fully appreciated. Naidoo S, et al, 2008, SADJ, emotional intelligence and perceived stressed Carr SE, et al.2009, Medical Education, Emotional intelligence in medical students: does it correlate with selection measures? Abe K, et al, 2013, BMC Medical Education, expressing ones feelings and listening to others increases emotional intelligence. Arora S, et al. 2010, Medical Education, emotional intelligence in medicine. Akerjordet k, et al, 2007, clinical nursing, emotional intelligence. Montes B, et al , 2007 Psychiatric mental health in Nursing, exploring the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence , coping, social support and mental health in nursing students Tyszkiewicz. M, et al, 2013, Ann Acad Med Stetin, polish article, Level of emotional intelligence and types of attachments. Por J. et al. 2011, Nursing Education, emotional intelligence: its relationship to stress, coping, well-being and professional performance in nursing. Cherry MG, et al, 2014, Medical Education, validating relationships among attachment, emotional intelligence and clinical communication. Doherty, EM, et al, BMC Medical Education, emotional intelligence assessment in graduate entry medical school curriculum. Ruiz D et al. 2014, psychiatric mental health nursing, emotional intelligence, life satisfaction and subjective happiness in female students professionals. Benson. G, et al.2010, Nurse Education today, A cross sectional study of emotional intelligence in Baccalaureate nursing students. Wons A, et al. 2011, article in polish, the emotional intelligence and copying with stress Brannick MT, et al 2009, Medical Education, comparison of traits and ability measures of emotional intelligence. Azimi s, et al, 2010, European Journal, emotional intelligence in nursing students.

Of Mice And Men Essays (434 words) - English-language Films

Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men Many of you may think it was easy enough for George to pick up that Luger and shoot this man, Lennie, right in the back of the head. This, however, is not so. The internal conflict that George must have faced was no doubt greater than anything you can imagine. George, an angel of mercy to his good friend and confidant, Lennie Small, is not a murderer. He is quite the opposite. The care of Lennie had been placed into George's hands by a dying woman. George had promised that he would take care of Lennie, watch after him, make sure he was safe. Because the greatest danger to Lennie, George and this Aunt Clara must have known, was himself. His sheer strength and simple mindedness had gotten Lennie in trouble many times before, and then, suddenly, he had killed a woman. The blame can not be placed anywhere for this woman's death. Lennie had no idea what he had done, the only thing he knew was that George would be upset. George did not kill Lennie out of spite, not because his thoughtless, innocent, act had dashed George's hopes of having a small farm. George had to do this because the other choices were grim. Lennie could be hanged, bludgeoned and beaten by the group of ranch hands that were after him. Or, maybe worse, Lennie would have been ripped from George's side and been thrown into some horrid mental institution, a danger to himself, a danger to others. After all, if they had escaped that town there would be the next town, the next dead girl, and another gang to out run. Perhaps it is best if Lennie's last, simple thoughts were of George telling him of the land they would own and work together. George did not, after all, just go up to Lennie and shoot him, point blank in the back of the head. He painted a lovely picture for Lennie to gaze upon before Lennie died, of the vegetable garden they would plant and the rabbit hutch that Lennie would be in charge of. Also, had Lennie lived, he would have never understood why there would not be ranch, only that there would be no soft rabbits for him to tend. What George did was a duty to himself, to Lennie, to society, because they would have always been running from something to somewhere. George has suffered the most out of any of these parties involved. He has lost a good friend and companion, a rarity in these times. What he did was out of love, not malice, and he should not be prosecuted. George has to live with what he had to do. That should be enough punishment.

Understanding Basic MIDI essays

Understanding Basic MIDI essays This article was designed to give you a basic understanding of the Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), and to leave you with a brief knowledge of it's past. It is a tool widely used today in many varied recording or live preformance situations. MIDI is what allows electronic musical instruments to communicate with each other to preform certain tasks. These tasks may include starting or stopping a song, changing the voice of a keyboard or other controller, etc. A few of the main types of components are listed below: Controller - A device used to recieve the information from the user. (keyboard, electronic drum pads) Sound Module - This is the machine that actually contains the sounds that you hear. Sequencer - The device used to record the data in which it was played from the controller. (which note, when it was played) In this description, we will use a keyboard for our default controller. When the keyboard is played, four basic types of note information are being sent out. For instance, if you press down the note "middle c", it sends: 'note# 36 (middle c) was pressed with a velocity of 91 (1 -127)'. That note is now considered 'on' by the other machines until you release the key and the receive the "note off" command. The basic duties of a controller are to translate what your playing into note information. Sound modules can be very fun. They can contain any sound imaginable; from pianos to drums to nature sounds. When a sound module recieves the note information that 'middle c' has been pressed, it will play whichever sound is assigned to that note number. For instance, if you had piano sounds in the module, you would hear 'middle c' as a piano would play it. If you had say, percussion sounds called up, you may hear a snare or bass drum. A sequencer recieves all the same information as the sound ...

Anyone Can Be A Monster

Anyone Can Be A Monster Primo Levi, an Italian Jewish chemist, writer, and Holocaust survivor, once said that Monsters exist, but they are far too few in number to be truly dangerous. More dangerous are the common men, the functionaries ready to believe and to act without asking questions. When people think of evil people or monsters, we typically think of the main figure of a movement or group. The most evil person people think of is Hitler or Stalin. It is easy to blame the main figure solely, but by doing this we fail to remember the ordinary people who are involved in letting horrendous acts occur. These people did not work alone. It is everyday people who have the power to control what will happen. It is through civilian opinions and actions that evil acts can occur. Hitler had millions of followers and supporters that did not question what he was doing to Jews. They and many other countries failed to realize by following blindly without questioning, they were condemning a group of people to death. Mon sters do not have to be a completely evil being. Many people do not realize that all monsters are just ordinary people. In her short story, The Lottery, Shirley Jackson is able to express the chilling horror of blind obedience. Jackson is able to show that any ordinary person is capable of horrific acts by conforming mindlessly to a persons surroundings. Although people are have the ability to cause change and do good, Shirley Jackson is able to convey in her story The Lottery that the normalization of events, fear and tradition, and selfishness are the roots of blind obedience and cause everyday people to become monsters. To begin, Shirley Jackson shows that heinous deeds can become normal over time. The most sinister aspect of The Lottery is the normalization of the killing of a neighbor. Every single person in the town is not bothered by the lottery. The townspeople schedule the lottery to happen around 10, so that it will be over in time for them to have lunch. The people of the town have no issue with continuing their day after killing someone that was apart of their community. It is through normalization that bad things can occur. The Council of American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), a Muslim civil rights and advocacy group, points out that the killing of Jews was not the first step in the Holocaust. In 1930s Germany there was a lot anti-Jew propaganda. Jews were often an object people could blame for their problems. They complained that Jews were taking jobs away from Germans; which is much like some Americans views on immigrants. Through the constant blame of Jews and propaganda against them in the media, the Nazis were able to normalize the hatred of Jews. By blindly listening to the media and bias, the people in 1930s Germany became just as bad as Nazis. The townspeople in The Lottery do the exact same thing. The children are playing with the rocks that will kill a person that they know and interact with constantly; they fill their pockets full of stones. Children should be questioning whether it is right to be killing a person, but they conform to what others do around them. No one questions the lottery. The townspeople gossip and joke before the lottery begins. They just think of the lottery as a mundane activity that they are forced to do. The lottery is just another part of their day they have to get thorough. If someone were to question the lottery, than people wouldnt have to die. In addition, once Tessie is chosen to be stoned and begins to panic, the townspeople tell her to be a good sport. These people dont even think about her or her situation. They blindly stone this lady without thinking of her family or why they are really doing it. The act of killing someone has become so normal to this town that they just want it to be over with quickly. Jackson warns that if heinous acts are normalized then the true horrors of a situation are hidden, making ordinary people monsters by blind obedience. Furthermore, the blind obedience found in The Lottery is even more intensified by fear and tradition. Fear is one of the best motivators; anyone can control another person through fear. Fear and tradition in The Lottery go hand in hand. There is a fear that if the sacrifice from the lottery is stopped, than the crops wont flourish; the lottery has worked for the townspeople for centuries, so they dont consider stopping the tradition. They repeatedly conform to the same pattern every year of bringing out the old box and killing someone. This is all they have ever know; lotteries are conducted in villages in all of the surrounding areas around the townspeople. The oldest man in town, Old Man Warner, has been apart of over 70 lotteries. No one in town has ever not been apart of the lottery. It has always happened and the crops always grow. The townspeople are like drones that carry out orders without thinking or realizing how pointless the lottery really is. They are afraid to speak up about the lottery because of what might happen to them. It is just a small town of just 300 people; no one talks about the lottery because they are afraid of judgment by the town, and they are afraid to alter the lottery for what might happen to their crops. The black box used for the lottery is old and shabby. There is always talk about making a new box, but no one wants to mess with the tradition that is represented by the black box. Jackson is able to demonstrate how strong of a hold tradition and fear have on people. Tradition makes it easy to blindly follow a routine, and fear is used a deterrent to stop an sort of questioning toward the lottery. In addition, selfishness is a further exemplifies blind obedience. We as people tend to not question anything until we personally are involved. The townspeople do not care about the families of the people who are sacrificed at the lottery; they only care about themselves. Even Tessie, the woman who gets stoned, jokes around during the lottery until she is chosen to be killed. We only care about ourselves and our safety. Tessie even tries to bring some of her married children in the lottery draw for her family to increase her odds of living. She would rather one of her own child die in her place than her. Nobody questions anything until they are apart of it. In present day, many people do not sympathize with the suffering and discrimination of minority groups because it does not affect them personally. They cannot see the pain of others because it does not affect them. Once the Hutchinsons have been chosen for the lottery, some of Nancy Hutchinsons school friends hope that it isnt her . Nancys friends do not care about Nancys family. They only think about themselves and what they would do without Nancy. They dont think of Nancys suffering or how the lottery will affect her and her family. Thomas Du Bose believes that Jackson is suggesting that people are not concerned about injustice and kindness unless these problems touch them personally. The townspeople are able to blindly obedient because the lottery doesnt concern them or their families. Once they open their piece of paper and dont see a black dot, they are relaxed; its not them. They just want the stoning to end quickly so they can go to lunch. Selfishness and not being able to put yourself in someone elses place causes people to be apart to horrific deeds. Any person can become a monster. It is not just figureheads who are evil, it is also ordinary people. Shirley Jackson is warning us that by being blindly obedient that we can create terror and suffering. Jackson is urging us to look for signs of normalization of awful things. She is telling us to question everything even if it is tradition, or is it scary to oppose. Jackson is telling us to look beyond ourselves and to not conform to awful practices. The Lottery is a call to action to be more aware of our surroundings and what we do. We need to be more self aware and see what we can do to help and change other people. Works Cited Du Bose, Thomas. The Lottery. Masterplots, Fourth Edition, November 2010, pp. 1-3. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx direct=truedb=lkhAN=103331MP421429820000662site=lrc-plus. Green, Jordan. CAIR Executive Director Decries normalization of Hate. The NC Triads Altweekly. Triad City Beat, 31 Mar. 2017. Web. 7 Apr. 2017. Quotes About Monsters (389 quotes). (389 quotes). N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2017.

The International Jurisdiction of the Internet - A Study in Essay

The International Jurisdiction of the Internet - A Study in Perspective - Essay Example According to Leiner, et.al. (2003), the history of the Internet revolves around four distinct aspects: the technological aspect, operational and management aspect, social aspect, and commercialization aspect. â€Å"The technological evolution that began with early research on packet switching and the ARPANET (and related technologies), and where current research continues to expand the horizons of the infrastructure along several dimensions, such as scale, performance, and higher level functionality. There is the operations and management aspect of a global and complex operational infrastructure. There is the social aspect, which resulted in a broad community of Internauts working together to create and evolve the technology. And there is the commercialization aspect, resulting in an extremely effective transition of research results into a broadly deployed and available information infrastructure.† (Leiner, et.al. 2003)According to Leiner, et.al, the history of the Internet r evolves around four distinct aspects: the technological aspect, operational and management aspect, social aspect, and commercialization aspect. â€Å"The technological evolution that began with early research on packet switching and the ARPANET (and related technologies), and where current research continues to expand the horizons of the infrastructure along several dimensions, such as scale, performance, and higher level functionality. There is the operations and management aspect of a global and complex operational infrastructure.

Illegal action of a nurse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Illegal action of a nurse - Research Paper Example Thus, nurses play an important role in the safety of the patient. In this article, medication errors by nurses will be discussed with reference to a case scenario in an old age nursing home. Ms X is a registered nurse in the State of Georgia working in a renowned Long-term care nursing home. On a busy day, the nursing manager noticed that she did not sign the MARs sheet even after administering the drugs to a patient. This was against the rule that all nurses must sign the medication chart soon after administering medication to patient. When confronted Ms.X argued that she had to do so to save time in the busy ward. She had planned to sign the charts after delivering medications to all the patients. However, the manager tells her that "no sign means not given the medication." Thus, there is a medication error and this is an illegal action by the nurse. Medication error may be defined as "any preventable medication-related event that adversely affects a patient in a nursing home and is related to professional practice, or healthcare products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing, prescription order communications, product labeling, packaging and nomenclature, compounding, dispensing, distribution, administration, education, monitoring and use" (Greene et al, 2005). Like any other safety issues, medication errors occur due to system failures or human errors. Factors associated with medication errors include using wrong name, abbreviation or dosage form of the drug, wrong calculation of drug dosage, atypical dosage, deficiencies in training, poor perception of risk of medication error and undue time pressure. The most commonly reported medication errors are omission errors, improper dosage and unauthorized drug errors (ICN, 2009). Medication errors by nurses can be prevented by following the "five rights" of giving medication. They are "right drug,

The Pursuit of Happiness Essay Example for Free

The Pursuit of Happiness Essay The 2006 movie The Pursuit of Happyness, featuring will smith and real-life son Jaden Smith received significant financial success both during its original release and subsequent DVD edition. Inspired by the memoirs by self-made millionaire Chris Gardner together with Quincy Troupe, the film features the challenges of pursing the â€Å"American dream†, a challenge more easily associated with foreigners or immigrants to the country. The inspirational value of the movie is one of the reasons for its appeal. In the story, Gardner is portrayed as having employment is al subject to the social change faced by the unemployed. Though the premise of the story is not unique, the films approach illustrating how the collective impact of small social challenges can lead to homelessness highlights the concern of the spiraling social exclusion most middle class Americans have to deal with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gardner’s joke to his son regarding the drowning man who turned down the rescue of two boats in favor of waiting for God himself to save him is a testimony to the philosophy that he believes was key to his success. Similar to the adage that God helps those who help themselves, Gardner points out that one should not be so proud as to accept the help of others even if they do not compare to one’s expectation of the help that one needs. Moreover, Gardner’s story to his son encourages him to see the hand of God behind the opportunities, good and bad that comes his way going beyond corporeal or mystical manifestations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are key moments in the film where this can be most apparent. One of the early moments where this is seen is when he asks a man going out of a Ferrari what he did for a living and how he did it. The encounter, in real life with then top stockbroker Bob Bridges, led to Gardner’s introduction to a career in stock trading. Gardner again illustrates this idea in his interview with the internship position where he had to convince the panel to accept him though he came underdressed to the interview. Another example is portrayed in the daily rush father and son would always have to make at the end of the day to be able to get s a lot in the church shelter as well as the times when he sought â€Å"creative† ways of finding a place to spend the night in with his son which included railway station bathroom, subways and busses. The other scene that brings the deliver the same message was when the light of the bone density machine was being repaired by Gardner. But the most poignant illustrations of the philosophy behind Gardner’s quip are delivered by the conversations between father and son such as in Gardner’s lecture to his son regarding pursuing one’s dream despite others’ negative opinion viewing the city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At many points in the picture, Gardner is portrayed as someone who is driven to the edge but is able to keep himself from totally falling into despair. His moments of self-pride in the movie are always resolved to have negative consequences such as having to run from a taxi driver and missing a slot in the shelter due to lending his boss cab fare. Often he is shown to have to swallow his pride to seek shelter or care but remains committed to alleviating his situation with his son as best he can and to not be dependent on welfare or the charity of others. Gardner’s view of helping one’s self emphasizes self-reliance but also self-realization. He points out that to be able to triumph from challenges: one has to be able to commit one’s self on doing so and pursuing every opportunity that comes. This implies the need to actively seek ways to accomplish such an objective, improving one’s self and learning from others and to persist regardless of failure. Work Cited The Pursuit of Happyness. Dir. Gabriele Muccino. Perf. Will Smith, Jaden Smith, Thandie Newton. Sony Pictures. 15 December 2006.

Capital Punishment Essay - The Fatal State of the Death-Penalty System

The Fatal State of the Death-Penalty System    In 1997, the state of Florida botched Pedro Medina's execution. When the switch was flipped on the 50-year-old electric chair, nicknamed "Old Sparky," the mask covering Medina's face caught on fire. Flames up to a foot long shot of his face for 6-10 seconds. A thick, black smoke filled the room, and the prison guards closed the curtain, hiding the rest of the job from the shocked witnesses. Bob Butterworth, then Florida's attorney general, said that Medina's agonizing death would be a deterrent to crime. People who want to commit murder, he said, better not do so in Florida because "we may have a problem with our electric chair." Such cases are likely to horrify death penalty proponents and foes alike. (After another botched execution in 1999, this time with the new electric chair, Florida gave inmates the option of lethal injection or the chair). What is even more abominable than these clear instances of "cruel and unusual punishment," however, is the mounting evidence that many people being convicted of murder, sent to death row, and probably even executed in the United States are simply not guilty. The only way to reasonably evaluate the system without running the risk of executing more innocents in the process is for Congress to issue an immediate national moratorium on executions. On Jan 31, 2000, Governor George Ryan (R-IL), a death-penalty proponent, announced a moratorium on executions in his state until the system is investigated. Governor Ryan had more than sufficient grounds to say that Illinois's criminal-justice system is "fraught with error": Since 1977, when Illinois reinstated the death penalty (following a 1976 Supreme-Court ruling allowing states to do ... ...s-16,000 of them, dating back five years." While rapists can be feed from prison if DNA evidence clears them, executions are irrevocable. Given the problems in state and national DNA databanks, it is crucial that those on death row get more time to explore any evidence that could exonerate them. Governor George W. Bush of Texas (where 463 people are on death row) maintains that he is certain that every person of the over 100 who have been executed during his tenure is guilty. The fact that Texas has no public-defender system and that Bush has spent much time over the past year campaigning outside the state has not made a dent in Bush's certainty. For those who, regardless of their stance on the death penalty, would like to take the time to examine the evidence and aim for a higher standard, state and national moratoriums are presently the best course of action.

Andy Warhol research

Warhol created his pieces by discovering what was popular, what stood out in modern art, and also something with standard American values. Warhol also took everyday objects and turned them into pop art sensations. He realized that the majority of the United States went food shopping and decided to create a line of supermarket products. This line of Whorl's included the very popular Brills boxes, price tags, the banana, and Coca-Cola bottles (Warwick). His creation of Coca Cola Bottles in 1962 became very popular. The bottles are in the everyday life of anAmerican which made them very familiar with practically everyone. â€Å"Warhol used to identify the nature of the great American society, anonymous and consumerist, devoted to conformism and with a pride in unanimity, was the ubiquitous Coca Cola bottle- â€Å"(Cobblestone 12). To Warhol, a Coca Cola bottle seemed so simple but, also a universal icon in the United States. Before Warhol, lots of artists had assistants who stretched and primed canvases, ran errands, or even participated in making the work. But at the Factory, the crew grew to the size of a small business.It was seen as sort of entourage, but Warhol turned that idea on its head: â€Å"People thought it was me that everyone at the Factory was hanging around†¦ But that's absolutely backward. It was me who was hanging around everyone else. I Just paid the rent. † gave rise to? a type for whom conflating culture and commerce is about â€Å"engaging with modern life on its own terms,†Andy Warhol went back to the origin of art: drawing Stuff That Matters cavemen drawing animals that either fed them or killed them, later paintings and sculptures of gods and demons.Andy Warhol looked at the world and asked, what matters now? Which is how â€Å"icons† of Marilyn Monroe and consumer products such as Campbell Soup ended up being part of his work. Warhol created his pieces by discovering what was popular, what stood out in modern a rt, and also something with standard American values. Warhol also took everyday objects and turned them into pop art sensations. He realized that the majority of the United States went food shopping and decided to create a line of supermarket products.This line of Whorl's included the very popular Brills boxes, price tags, the banana, ND Coca-Cola bottles (Warwick). His creation of Coca Cola Bottles in 1962 became very popular. The bottles are in the everyday life of an American which made them very familiar with practically everyone. â€Å"Warhol used to identify the nature of the great American society, anonymous and consumerist, devoted to conformism and with a pride in unanimity, was the ubiquitous Coca Cola bottle- â€Å"(Cobblestone 12). To Warhol, a Coca Cola bottle seemed so simple but, also a universal icon in the United States. Andy Warhol research By stark